(If you are looking for CP, don't see this!)

Alkyl Halide: One of the things branching off of the main chain is replaced with one of the "halogens", which are F, Cl, Br, and I.

Alcohol: Has an OH (hydroxyl) group attached to a main chain (no double bond to O)

"Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary" Ethers: Primary: Mostly called by common name. Secondary: Mostly called by systematic name. Tertiary: A little bit of both.

Aldehyde: Oxygen double bonded to a carbon, a hydrogen attached to the carbon, and the rest at the other end of the H.

Ketone: Same thing as aldehydes: carbonyl group and R. O=C-R. However, there might be almost more than one R, and that one is R "prime". So, instead of an H, it's R prime.

Carboxylic acid: Carbonyl, attached to OH and R at the carbon at the carbonyl.

Ester: Same thing as a carboxylic acid except that you snipe off the hydrogen and glue an R in its place.

Amine: Nitrogen attached to R primes and "Main" Rs.